Preoperative Cardiovascular Evaluation For Noncardiac Surgery

Abstract

The increase in ageing of the population has a major impact on perioperative patient management. The number of surgical interventions increases in almost all age groups, but that the largest increase occurs in the middle aged and elderly population. Although mortality from cardiac disease is decreasing in the overall population, the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, heart failure and cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes mellitus, is increasing. Among the significant co-morbidities in elderly patients presenting for general surgery, cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent. Cardiac complications after non-cardiac surgery depend not only on specific risk factors but also on the type of surgery and the circumstances under which it takes place. In this review, we aimed to summarize the preoperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery.